Architecture of Singapore
This photo was taken just outside of our hostel, 5 Footway Inn, Project Bugis,
shortly after our arrival.
It shows a mix of architectural types and styles that is typical of Singapore.
The two-story buildings – lower centre – with shops beneath and
proprietor's accommodation above is very common in the older
shopping/eating areas.
The tall apartment block, with imaginative modern architecture rather than
simple cheapest-way-of-building-x-square-metres that seems common in
Australia, in the background is also typical Singapore.
(A notable feature of this building is that all the windows faced downward,
which would greatly reduce the amount of heat from sunlight entering the
building while not harming the view.)
The other two-story places – lower left and right – are perhaps
of a style less common.
The street sweeper has significance to this
page.
Accommodation in Singapore
My Son, Ken, in front of 5 Footway Inn Project Bugis, where we had rooms while
in Singapore.
By Australian standards hotel/hostel rooms in Singapore are tiny and
expensive.
We paid over Aus$100 (roughly equal to Sin$100) per night for tiny rooms just
big enough for a chest of draws, a large lounge chair (on which two people
might just squeeze), a little floor space for luggage, and an en-suite
bathroom.
There was a double bed on a tiny mezzanine just big enough for the purpose
above the 'living area'.
The rooms were air-conditioned and comfortable.
A simple breakfast (white bread, toasters, spreads, cereals and low-quality
coffee from a machine) was provided at no extra charge.
All bowls, plates, cups and cutlery were single-use plastic that were dumped
after use; no doubt convenient for the hostel operators – by
minimising labour – but environmentally irresponsible.
The accommodation and breakfast offering we had in Johor
Bharu, for a very similar price, was lavish by comparison.
Rubbish
Compared to at least some other
nations of SE
Asia Singapore
streets were fairly free of rubbish, but it was not hard to find.
Cigarette butts were by far the most numerous bits.
(Chewing gum cannot be legally sold in Singapore.)
There are similarities between the mind-set of those who dump rubbish
wherever it is convenient for them to do so and the mind-set of those who
dump waste carbon dioxide into the atmosphere causing
climate change – and those in
government who encourage it.
I have written
more on this elsewhere.
While rubbish lying around on and near streets is unsightly it doesn't do a
lot of harm.
If it washes off the streets and into lakes or the ocean it can do a great
deal of
environmental harm.
I cleaned-up some of the rubbish near the hostel we stayed in.
Why chose to live in an area that is strewn with rubbish?
Why chose to live in a world where wastes are carelessly dumped into the
atmosphere?
Do something about it.
Singapore Flyer
Few people would visit Singapore and not do a cycle on the Singapore Flyer
which is one of the tallest Ferris wheels in the world and 30m taller than
the London Eye.
More of Singapore's engineering features are elsewhere on this page:
Helix Bridge,
Cloud Forest Dome, Super Trees,
pedestrian bridge, Forest Walk,
Henderson Waves, Sentosa mall and
Cavenagh Bridge.
An aspect of Singapore that many Australians would find striking is the
amount of vegetation to be seen.
It is no doubt made possible by the high humidity and all-year-round rainfall.
Perhaps the incentive to pack the place with so much vegetation comes from
so many people, with their homes and commercial buildings, being crowded into
such a small island.
| Singapore monthly rainfall
|
|---|
|
Australia is mostly much dryer than Singapore, and even in the wetter areas,
the rainfall tends to fall mostly over only one half of the year.
In the Singapore Flyer
My family enjoying the view.
In the distance is the Cloud Forest Dome and the Flower Dome; on the right
can just be seen some of the
Super Trees.
The climate in Singapore, which is a very little north of the Equator
(1.3° North), is consistently warm to hot and humid.
By comparison with my home towns, it gets four times the annual rainfall of
Clare and six times as much as Crystal Brook, both in South Australia.
Fortunately for tourists, most popular indoor places, including the capsules
of the Flyer, are kept at comfortable temperatures by air conditioning.
Less happily, the electricity for running all these air conditioners is
generated by burning fossil fuels.
Singapore's electricity is 97.4% fossil fuels generated and is ranked 48th of
61 ("very poor") countries in the
Climate Change
Performance Index.
My country, Australia, is ranked 57th; our excuse – at least at the
time of writing – is that
Tony Abbott, who cannot see beyond
the
coal technology that is being phased-out in
more enlightened nations, is our Prime Minister.
While Singapore probably has poor wind resources it could make far more use
of solar power than it does.
View from the Singapore Flyer
On the left is a part of the Flower Dome and the
Super Trees are just beyond.
This area is called the Gardens by the Bay.
Both of these features were added to the Singapore landscape since my
wife and my last visit in 2011.
The Super Trees are lit up at night by many coloured LEDs.
On the left is the Helix (pedestrian) Bridge, above it is the Marina Bay
Sands building – which would have to be a top contender for the most
remarkable piece of architecture in the world – and on the right is
the ArtScience Museum.
There is more on the Marina Bay Sands building
below.
ArtScience Museum
Another piece of Singapore's outstanding architecture is the ArtScience
Museum building.
We intended to visit this, but somehow missed it; limited time – will
have to see it on another visit.
Cloud Forest Dome
This is the view as one enters the Cloud Forest Dome.
The plants and artificial climate in the dome is that of a tropical mountain
area 2000m above sea level.
The dome includes a small theatre with a continuous movie explaining the
risks to the planet from
climate change.
(One wonders how the owner and operator of the Cloud Forest Dome feels about
the impact the huge energy consumption the air conditioning
of the Dome must have on greenhouse gas emissions, considering that 97% of
Singapore's electricity comes from the burning of fossil fuels.)
In the entrance area of the two domes (Cloud Forest and Flower Dome) are
some great sculptures and
petrified trees (not shown on this page).
See also Gardens by the Bay and
Flower Dome.
In the Cloud Forest Dome
While the outer part of the Cloud Forest was covered in vegetation, the
inside contained sculptures and other interesting displays.
Art works were numerous and very wide-spread in Singapore and
I found art to be mixed with Singaporean
architecture and
engineering.
More of what might strictly be called art is on this page:
Lego in Cloud Forest,
flower sheep,
dragon,
Hindu temple,
Bhuddist temple,
year of the goat,
flamingos,
Sentosa Island Mall,
silver balls,
map of plants,
Singapore history,
three men,
Koran,
animal seats,
Parkview and
Miniland.
Beyond that, were the gardens; the
Japanese Garden in particular would have to be classed as
art.
In the Cloud Forest Dome
This section of the vegetation had a wide variety of colours, vein patterns
and textures.
My granddaughter Anna.
In the Cloud Forest Dome
Some of the vegetation and walkways.
The wire across the scene just below the centre of the photo was being used
to run a camera across the dome.
A hint of Legoland
Carnivorous plants made of Lego in the Cloud Forest Dome.
Legoland in Malaysia is about 50km north of the Cloud
Forest Dome.
Marina Bay Sands building
As mentioned
above the Marina Bay Sands building(s) is an outstanding
piece of architecture.
There is probably little point in my going into detail here, read more about
it on
Wikipedia.
It is a pitty that architecture like this is wasted on what is
primarily a casino.
It is hard to imagine anything more symbolic of modern pointlessness,
selfishness, narcissism, decadence, inequity and excess.
The mauve 'flowers' in this photo are bougainvilleas; very common in Singapore;
and mauve is by far the most common colour of bougainvilleas to be seen.
Plants are used extensively as architectural features on Singapore's
high-rise buildings.
Considering the warm, damp climate, the bougainvilleas – a quick
growing plant at any time – would require a lot of trimming.
Inside Marina Bay Sands
There is an elevated walk-way that passes right through one of the three
sections of the Marina Bay Sands building.
This photo was taken from that walk-way.
While the Marina Bay Sands is one building, it could be called three
buildings, or even six.
The three main sections are each split into two for most of their length,
as shown
above and in this photo.
Super Trees
The Gardens by the Bay are open to the public with no admission charges but
there is a fee to go onto the walkway shown in this photo.
The Super Trees had LED lighting on them at night, perhaps powered by
solar electricity generated during the day.
There are some solar PV panels on the tops of at least some of the Super
Trees and on the
tops of tall buildings, but on the whole, we saw little
evidence that solar power was used much in
Singapore, and we saw no wind turbines (I would think that wind speeds would
generally be light at a point so close to the Equator).
Singapore's peak power demand in 2014 was 6,880MW.
At the time there was just 15MW of solar PV installed; equal to 0.2% of the
peak demand.
Of course the high population density in Singapore means that people do not
generally own the roof space under which they live; most live in high-rise
blocks of flats.
So a typical individual is not in a position to install solar on his roof.
Super-Tree walkway
There is a pleasent, but fairly short, walk along this walkway.
The views are excellent, but not greatly different to the views from ground
level.
There is a fee for entry onto the walkway.
Again, the
Marina Bay Sands building is in the
background.
This building does tend to dominate views in the central city area of
Singapore.
Flower Dome
This is similar to the
Cloud Forest Dome, but concentrates on regional temperate
vegetation communities.
This photo is of the Mediterranean section; olive trees are prominent.
Some of the olive trees here appear to be older than any I have seen in
Australia; the landscape gardeners must have gone to great expense and a lot
of trouble to import very old trees.
I'd estimate that at least some of these trees would be several hundred
years old.
Flower sheep
In the Flower Dome; note the sculpture mountain-goats on the poles.
Dragon sculpture
In the Flower Dome.
This is a beautiful work of art.
There is an eagle almost as good right adjacent; not shown in this photo.
Yaccas
The botanical name of these quintessentially Australian plants is
Xanthorrhoea (species).
The common name in South Australia, where I live, is yacca (alternatively
spelled yacka or yakka).
In other states they can be called black-boys (not politically correct!) or
grass-trees.
They are very slow growing and difficult to transplant.
These plants would have to be around a hundred years old.
One way they can be transplanted is by cutting all the leaves off before
the move.
They will then, if the transplant is successful, grow a new set of leaves
over quite a long period.
To grow such a complete canopy of leaves as these have would require, I
would think, several years.
Artificial lake
Adjacent to Crawford Street in the vicinity of our hostel.
The maximum use of the available space for water, lawn and trees is typical of
Singapore.
Sri Mariamman Hindu temple
This temple is in Chinatown.
Singapore has a big mix of religions; Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and
Christianity are all common and conspicuous.
No doubt there are various others including Chinese traditional ancester
worship and hybrids.
All, of course, are totally
delusional.
It can be shown that an
immortal soul is a rediculous concept,
so most religions have no basis.
Temple interior
Sri Veeramakaliamman Hindu temple in Little India
Hindu temples are always colourful and interesting, but with its thousands
or millions of gods Hinduism strikes me as one of the most ridiculous
of religions.
Mosque
Masjid (Mosque) Abdul Gafoor, Little India
We also visited a mosque in Chinatown.
Islam strikes me as one of the great
threats to an open and rational society.
Christianity, as it was practiced about five hundred years ago, was equally
dangerous, but thankfully most people in the West do not take it so
seriously any more, even when they are nominally Christian.
Buddha Tooth Relic Temple
In Chinatown
This struck Denece (my wife) and I as by far the most beautiful of the
places of worship that we saw in Singapore.
Buddha Tooth Relic Temple interior
We happened to visit this temple when a service was underway.
The chanting was pleasant and the building beautifully decorated.
Buddhism, as a religion, has the advantage over the others in being a very
positive, happy, delusion.
Feature wall
Buddha Tooth Relic Temple
This seemed to be the main wall in the main part of the temple.
There were several other levels including a very beautiful section where the
'Buddha tooth relic' was stored and displayed.
Photos were not permitted in that section.
Right on the top was an attractive roof garden.
Temple interior
While the temple was beautiful, one would have to wonder if the money
involved would have been better spent in good works.
The Buddha Tooth relic area, on one of the upper levels, was paved with
gold.
Presumably this would be only a thin gold plating, but still the cost must
have been great.
Would Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, have approved of this extravagence?
I doubt it.
Temple interior
Each of the small niches contains a Buddha image.
There were many other similar sections in the temple and a note somewhere
about this being a temple of 10,000 Buddhas.
There is an even greater number of little Buddhas in niches in
Bai Dinh, in Vietnam.
The more Buddhas the better it seems?
How can anyone believe this sort of thing?
I can't help wondering what Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, who told people
not to worship him, would have thought of this.
Rooftop garden
This high-contrast image has been treated with high-dynamic-range processing.
Saint Andrew's Cathedral Church
This seemed to be one of the main (Anglican) churches in Singapore.
The interior was attractive; especially so at the time we visited, with the
coloured sunlight coming through the stained glass windows.
This church had far more spacious ground than the other religious buildings
on this page – a block 170m × 230m – probably due to the
economic and political dominance of the Christian British in the development
years of Singapore.
I was raised a Christian.
Fortunately I realised that Christianity, God and religion in general, was
a myth in my teens.
Singapore Zoo
The zoo would be sufficient reason to visit Singapore on its own.
It is extensive, very well landscaped and has a large and impressive
collection of animals.
Tigers are rare and endangered; the usual story, loss of habitat and clearing
of forests.
Singapore Zoo has several white tigers and supports tiger conservation.
Flamingos
Pink flamingos get their colour from their food.
In the wild this comes from algae in saline lakes.
Komodo dragon
This is the world's biggest lizard species.
It is native to Komodo and nearby islands in Indonesia, not far from
Singapore.
It is rare to see one so well as this in a zoo.
I don't recall where I have previously visited a zoo that had a Komodo dragon,
but it was largely hidden in a hollow log or similar.
Maybe the warm Singapore climate brings this one out into the open.
Ring-tailed lemur
These were remarkably tame.
Visitors can walk right through the cage and even touch the animals.
All the world's lemurs, a type of primate, come from Madagascar where there
is huge environmental damage ultimately due largely to poverty.
These few photos cannot possibly do justice to the Singapore Zoo.
(Completely seperate to the normal zoo is the Night Zoo, also very popular
and well worth visiting.)
Orang-utans
This would have to be one of the most impressive displays in the zoo.
There are two orang-utan exhibits and they are claimed to be unique.
The zoo management writes of them as being free-range.
Orang-utans are the most endangered of the great-apes and are indigenous to
a few Indonesian islands and Malaysia.
On a sign in the zoo...
"The forest is a peculiar organism of unlimited kindness and benevolence,
that makes no demands for sustenance and extends generously the products of
its activity; it affords protection to all beings, offering shade even to the
axeman who destroys it."
Gautama Siddhartha (Buddha)
I'm not sure of the exact location of this building.
As with the next photo, we saw it before visiting the Botanic garden.
Both buildings are outstanding examples of Singaporean incorporation of
gardens into architecture.
For more Singapore architecture see:
ArtScience Museum,
Bay area architecture and engineering,
Marina Bay Sands building,
religious buildings,
a group of spiral stairways,
Raffles Place here and
here,
on the Singapore River,
Parkview Square
and a building seen from
Southern Ridges Walk.
Mixing vegetation and architecture again
I'm not sure of the exact location of this building.
As with the last photo, we saw it before visiting the Botanic garden.
Both buildings are outstanding examples of Singaporean incorporation of
gardens into architecture.
Year of the goat
Some of the street decorations for the beginning of the Chinese Year of the
Goat.
Singapore Botanic Gardens
The Botanic Gardens, like the zoo, were extensive and very well done.
In addition to the plants, there were many artistically landscaped sections
such as this fountain at the entrance.
Particularly impressive was the
National Orchid Garden,
within the SBG.
Singapore Botanic Gardens
Visitors strolling and relaxing on one of the paths
Singapore Botanic Gardens
In the National Orchid Garden within the SBG
Singapore Botanic Gardens
In the National Orchid Garden within the SBG
Singapore Botanic Gardens
In the National Orchid Garden within the SBG
Singapore Botanic Gardens
A fountain at a junction of paths
Singapore Botanic Gardens
At another path junction was this tree with a very interesting 'woven'
appearance to its branches.
Singapore Botanic Gardens
Back in the National Orchid Garden
Singapore Botanic Gardens
My granddaughter went to sleep before we finished in the gardens.
Her head kept on falling forward in her pusher, so my daughter put a strap
around to hold it up.
She slept soundly like this.
Singapore Botanic Gardens
A magnificent Johor Fig tree in the Rainforest Walk section
Southern Ridges Walk
The point we started on the walk was this very interestingly designed
pedestrian bridge over Alexandra Road.
The people, from left to right: my wife Denece, daughter-in-law Claire, son
Ken and son-in-law Shayne with granddaughter Anna on his shoulders.
Just visible are my daughter Julia and granddaughter Beth.
Forest Walk
This photo shows a very small section of elevated walkway on the long and
beautiful Southern Ridges Walk.
Forest Walk is a part of the Southern Ridges Walk.
My wife Denece and Shayne with Anna on his shoulders.
Forest Walk
A section of the walk shaded by an impressive stand of bamboo.
Forest Walk
On the left, Claire and Ken
Architecture
Another imaginative bit of Singaporean architecture seen from a high section
of Forest Walk.
Note the gardens on the top and on the bridges between sections.
Henderson Waves
Fascinating engineering that made up a part of the Southern Ridges Walk.
I think the 'waves' were effectively arches supporting a particularly high
section of the elevated walkway.
Quoting from
Your Singapore:
"True to its name, the bridge mimics the undulating shape of a wave, curving
and twisting along its entire 274-metre length.
Its form is anchored by steel arches and filled in with curved 'ribs' –
slats of Balau wood, a dense hardwood used in heavy construction and which
is found only in Southeast Asia."
Henderson Waves
This section of the walk had timber flooring.
Most of the elevated sections had galvanised steel mesh floors.
Shayne with the pusher in the foreground.
Solar panels
We didn't see much renewable energy in Singapore.
In fact Singapore seems to have done very little about changing from fossil
fuels to renewables; see
Solar power in Singapore
Perhaps there are a number of solar PV installations on the tops of buildings
and not easily visible from ground level.
Monkeys' lunch
The bigger monkey chased away the two Japanese girls who were eating their
lunch.
The girls' lunch became the monkey's lunch.
Monkeys can carry diseases including rabies.
They can bite if they are annoyed, so it is prudent to not annoy them.
If this monkey grabbed my lunch I think I'd be inclined to give it a quick
backhander rather than let it get away with it.
They rely heavily on bluff; and I'm not necessarily prudent.
This is still on the
Henderson Waves section of the Southern Ridges Walk.
Monkey having lunch
The larger monkey seemed to almost entirely ignore the smaller who had to get
whatever it could (see
last photo).
(I thought the pair were mother and young, but I was corrected.
The larger monkey was a male.)
I suppose the small monkey was following the larger one to learn 'monkey
tricks'; it probably had a good teacher.
Note the foot on the tray; to make sure the girls can't easily take the tray
back.
Sentosa Island
This island, off the southern coast of the main island, is marketed as a place
to go to enjoy yourself.
There is certainly a lot to see and do, including Madame Tussauds (no photos
on this page).
There are several ways of getting to Sentosa, we used the cable car (again,
no photos here).
Sentosa Island
In this mall there is a typically Singaporean mix of art, architecture and
engineering
S.E.A. Aquarium
The entry hall to the aquarium contains impressive maritime displays,
including this mock-up of, I think, the stern section of one of the ships in
Admiral Zhou Man's fleet as described in
Gavin Menzies book
'1421: the Year China Discovered the World".
The limitations of wood in ship building, I believe, does not allow such big
ships.
| The "planet's largest window on the ocean"
|
|---|
|
| Unfortunately this photo is not sharp enough for a larger
image
|
Aquarium
The S.E.A. Aquarium boasts over 800 species of sea creature on display and the
world's biggest 'window on the sea'; a huge Perspex wall maybe 20m long and
5m high; see
above.
Aquarium
Several eels.
My photos did not do justice to the aquarium, so I have only included three
here.
Muslim cemetery
This place, between Jalan Kubor (Kubor Street) and Victoria Street, was
within easy walking distance of our
hostel.
It was on the same block as the huge Madrasah (Islamic school), Aljunied
Al-islamic.
The cemetery was vaguely similar to a Christian cemetery, but the
'headstones' were much smaller, much closer together, and anonymous; we
saw no names on any of them.
The flat stones seemed to generally face the same direction (Mecca?).
The whole area had an air of neglect.
What incentive would there be to look after your parent's grave if it was not
marked as such?
Wall around Muslim cemetery
Like the
cemetery itself, the wall around it showed neglect.
The way the vegetation was taking over reminded Denece and me of the temples
at Angkor.
Wall around Muslim cemetery
The trees were taking over this section of the wall too.
Someone had left his hand-cart here; it had ropes tying it to the trees
– I suppose to make it more difficult to steal.
Art, architecture and engineering
This and the next few photos are of art, architecture and engineering
(architecture and engineering are a combination of art, science, technology
and know-how).
These spiral stairways were at the back of a block of flats near our hostel.
More architecture is Typical Singapore?,
Helix bridge and Marina Bay Sands building,
ArtScience Museum,
Marina Bay Sands building,
Inside MBS,
Super Trees,
Super Trees,
Masjid (Mosque) Abdul Gafoor,
Buddha Tooth Relic Temple,
BTRT rooftop garden,
Mixing vegetation and architecture,
Mixing vegetation and architecture again and
Imaginative building.
There is a blurry line between architecture, art and engineering.
The three disciplines can be mixed.
Art, architecture and engineering
Sculpture
This was in the city centre: Raffles Place.
It reminded Denece and I of a big pair of silver balls in Rundle Mall,
Adelaide; commonly called Donny's Balls after the state premier of the time
of construction.
Art, architecture and engineering
Vertical garden
Also in Raffles Place, this garden formed a map of Singapore in vegetation.
Vertical gardens are not so easy in Australia, due to the dry air.
Art, architecture and engineering
Street sculpture
This would have to be one of the best pieces of sculpture I have ever seen.
It was based on the historical development of Singapore.
A two-dimensional photo cannot do it justice.
Raffles Place again.
Art, architecture and engineering
Regular polygons
The cross section of this building, in Raffles Place, is a combination of
a regular octagon and squares at two orientations.
Art, architecture and engineering
Raffles Place
A high dynamic range image (computer generated from three images exposed at
different levels) of a view from Raffles Place.
Art, architecture and engineering
Indian, Chinese and Englishman
As I recall, the plaque for this bronze sculpture said that it was of an
Englishman mediating in a dispute between an Indian and a Chinese.
It symbolises the amicable relationship between the several races of people
who call Singapore home.
In addition to British, Indians and Chinese are many Malays.
Art, architecture and engineering
Cavenagh Bridge
Strictly speaking, this is engineering rather than art or architecture, but
then, there is art in good engineering.
Cavenagh Bridge,
opened in 1870 is one of the oldest bridges in Singapore and is the oldest
that still is in its original form.
More engineering: Singapore Flyer,
Helix Bridge.
Art, architecture and engineering
Two architectures
An interesting juxtaposition of the two- or three-story red-roofed buildings
on the Singapore River and the skyscrapers of Raffles Place.
Asian Civilisations Museum
A rendering of the Koran; for more detail see the
next image.
There was far more of interest in this museum, but my photos were not
sufficiently good to be worth adding here.
The Koran
In the Singapore Asian Civilisations Museum.
For more detail of this amazing work of calligraphy click on the photo for a
higher definition image, or for a more general view, see the
previous image.
Chinese and Japanese Gardens
This bridge goes from the Chinese Garden, in the foreground, to the Japanes
Garden, across the stream.
These gardens are within easy walking distance of the Chinese Gardens
station of the Singapore Mass Rapid Transit system.
Seats in the Chinese Garden
The only other place I have seen seats like these is at the Kek Lok Si
Bhuddist temple in Penang, Malaysia.
(See Flickr
here and
here.)
There was much more in the Chinese Gardens, but my photos didn't do it justice.
Japanese Garden
While the Japanese Garden was small in comparison to the
Botanic Gardens it is quite pretty and restful.
Denece and I visited on a fairly hot afternoon and we found it peaceful and
comfortable to sit in the shade at this point and simply admire the view.
Japanese Garden
Why is it that Japanese gardens are more artfully laid-out, and contain more
art objects (the bridge, the stone lanterns, the carefully chosen and
arranged rocks) than most other gardens?
My local Lions Club has taken on some of the responsibility for the
Gleeson Wetlands at Clare, South Australia.
It includes a tori gate which, I believe, was donated by Clare's Japanese
sister city.
I would love to see a modest Japanese garden established around the tori gate.
Japanese Garden
A lot of work has gone into trimming these many shrubs.
Japanese Garden
Parts of the garden were undergoing renovation on our visit.
It seemed that there should have been a small artificial stream at this point,
but it must have been out of order at the time of our visit.
Parkview
The top of the impressive
Parkview Square building.
Apparently it was built by a very wealthy man who wanted to leave the world
at least one really beautiful building.
Also see the next two photos.
Parkview statuary
From left to right: Dante, Dali, Chopin and Newton.
On the other side of the forecourt (not shown here) were statues of: Sun
Yat-Sen, Churchill, Lincoln and Plato.
The next photo shows a little of the interior.
Parkview lobby
We were intending to have a coffee in the Parkview Square, but were told no
children were allowed.
